Tuesday, November 13, 2012

Change in !kung societies

Foreign encroachment has dramatically influenced the !kung way of life over the decades.Globalization and increased contact with Europeans have now changed the kung! living arrangement's,  diet, and religion. gender roles are now becoming more apparent as !kung families become increasingly more dependent on males.  !kung men would generally hunt while the women foraged for food. The foods that the women collected would provide nearly 60-80% of the food for the entire group, and if men wanted to forage or a woman wanted to hunt they could without worry of shame or ridicule from their peers.
  over the years foreign influences have encouraged !kung men to seek jobs outside of the village. European descended settlers hire them for paid field labor. Renowned as trappers They use their hunting skills for monetary profit instead of just sustenance.This access to wealth has created in balances between the equality of genders in !kung society. Men are now seen as more important due to the families financial reliance on them. The introduction of money has also been detrimental to !kung life and communities. The old ideals of sharing are forgotten as !kung men start to hoard their wealth.!kung villages now consist of houses spread far apart with closed doors whereas  !kung communities of the past were usually very intimate, with small huts clustered together in a circle facing inwards with no doors. This has led to a rise in incidents of domestic violence as outside intervention is restricted  by the more private dwellings.
Above: A !Kung woman with her children in front of a hut with a closed door. She wears more modern apparel
Below: Men in native garb dance in front of traditional !kung huts






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Above: A !Kung woman with her children in front of a hut with a closed door. She wears more modern apparel
Below: Men in native garb dance in front of traditional !kung huts

Sources.
"The !kung san: Men, women and work" by Richardson Borshay Lee Ch 9
"Transformation of the Kalahari !kung" Jhone E Yellen

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